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Science / Ingredient Library

PQQ disodium salt

Pyrroloquinoline quinone in the form listed for PQQ + CoQ10.

Definition and mechanism

PQQ is a distinct compound from coenzyme Q10. Cell studies have examined signalling, while short human studies have measured exposure and biomarkers. These study designs address different questions and do not establish clinical outcomes for the finished combination.

Ingredient identity

Medicinal ingredient
PQQ
Listed source material
Pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium salt
Amount in PQQ + CoQ10
20 mg per capsule

Licensed product information

PQQ + CoQ10 · NPN 80151407

Recommended use or purpose

(Provides) An antioxidant.
Helps to maintain and/or support cardiovascular health.

Medicinal ingredients

  • PQQ · 20 mg per capsule
  • CoQ10 (ubiquinone) · 100 mg per capsule

Recommended dose

Adults 18 years and older: one capsule once daily.

Cautions and warnings

Consult a health care practitioner/health care provider/health care professional/doctor/physician prior to use if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.
Consult a health care practitioner/health care provider/health care professional/doctor/physician prior to use if you are taking blood pressure medication.

Health Canada licence record ↗

Selected research

PQQ disodium salt in a cognitive testing trial

Study type
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled human trial.
Product relevance
Branded ingredient evidence from a separate PQQ disodium salt preparation.
Sample or population
64 healthy Japanese adults were randomized and 58 completed the study.
Studied dose
21.5 mg/day of PQQ disodium salt or placebo.
Duration
12 weeks.
Finding
The authors reported between-group differences on several computerized cognitive domains and differences on secondary measures. The abstract reports no adverse events during the study.
Limitations
A small trial with multiple tests using a separate preparation. It cannot establish prevention of cognitive decline or long-term safety.
Study quality
Parallel-group placebo-controlled design with a computerized primary assessment. Editorial review was limited to the abstract. No formal risk-of-bias rating was assigned.
Funding and disclosures
Funding and conflicts were not verified from the abstract.

PQQ disodium salt and attention tests

Study type
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled human trial.
Product relevance
Branded ingredient evidence from a different PQQ disodium salt preparation.
Sample or population
41 healthy older adults.
Studied dose
20 mg/day of the studied preparation or placebo.
Duration
12 weeks.
Finding
The study reported a difference on a Stroop attention measure. Improvement on the visuospatial task was reported only in the lower-baseline subgroup receiving PQQ.
Limitations
The subgroup and preliminary blood-flow observations do not establish a general cognitive benefit.
Study quality
Small placebo-controlled trial with task-specific and stratified analyses. Editorial review was limited to the abstract. No formal risk-of-bias rating was assigned.
Funding and disclosures
Funding and conflicts were not verified from the abstract.

PQQ during endurance training

Study type
Randomized, placebo-controlled human trial.
Product relevance
Ingredient evidence involving PQQ. The trial did not test the DR.MORGAN formula with CoQ10.
Sample or population
23 men without endurance training.
Studied dose
20 mg/day of PQQ or placebo. Both groups completed supervised endurance training.
Duration
6 weeks.
Finding
Aerobic performance did not differ between groups. Fitness measures improved with training across both groups. The PQQ group had higher levels of the muscle marker PGC-1α after training, with no reported body-composition benefit.
Limitations
The trial was small and both groups trained. A change in a muscle marker does not establish a performance benefit.
Study quality
Controlled training study with separate exercise and biochemical measures. Editorial review was limited to the abstract. No formal risk-of-bias rating was assigned.
Funding and disclosures
Funding and conflicts were not verified from the abstract.

PQQ disodium salt and cognitive testing by age

Study type
Double-blind, placebo-controlled human study.
Product relevance
Ingredient evidence involving PQQ. The trial did not test the DR.MORGAN formula with CoQ10.
Sample or population
Adults aged 20–65. The abstract does not report how many took part.
Studied dose
20 mg/day of PQQ disodium salt or placebo.
Duration
12 weeks.
Finding
The authors reported changes in composite and verbal memory at 12 weeks. In age-stratified analyses, the younger group showed changes in selected speed and flexibility tests at 8 weeks. The later memory findings were confined to the older group.
Limitations
Multiple test results and age subgroup analyses limit interpretation. The abstract does not establish lasting benefit or prevention of cognitive decline.
Study quality
Controlled study with multiple cognitive outcomes. The abstract does not report the group sizes. Editorial review was limited to the abstract. No formal risk-of-bias rating was assigned.
Funding and disclosures
Funding and conflicts were not verified from the abstract.

PQQ exposure and short-term biomarkers

Study type
Short human supplementation study, baseline comparisons
Product relevance
Relevant ingredient evidence; different formulation
Finding
Selected inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers changed; one measured antioxidant-capacity endpoint did not change significantly.
Limitations
Small and short; no described placebo arm. Indirect metabolic measures, not clinical benefit or PQQ–CoQ10 synergy.
Funding and disclosures
full-paper review: Mitsubishi Gas Chemical supplied PQQ and partly funded the work; UC Davis support.

PQQ signalling in a cell model

Study type
Cell-culture mechanism study
Product relevance
Mechanistic relevance
Finding
Mitochondrial measures and CREB/PGC-1alpha signalling changed in the experimental cells.
Limitations
Cell concentrations are not oral capsule doses. This does not establish human mitochondrial growth, energy benefits or anti-aging effects.
Funding and disclosures
record: Mitsubishi Gas Chemical and UC Davis support. Complete disclosures not re-audited.

The cited studies cover ingredient, material or formulation evidence. They do not establish outcomes for a finished DR.MORGAN product.

Related products

Dr. Morgan PQQ + CoQ10, 60 vegetarian capsules, NPN 80151407

PQQ + CoQ10

$39.00 CAD

View product

Safety and precautions

Read the product-specific warnings and directions. Laboratory signalling and short-term biomarkers do not establish the safety of other formulations or doses.

References

  1. Shiojima et al. · 2022 · J Am Nutr Assoc · PMID 34415830
  2. Itoh et al. · 2016 · Adv Exp Med Biol · PMID 26782228
  3. Chowanadisai et al. · 2010 · PMID 19861415
  4. Harris et al. · 2013 · PMID 24231099
  5. Hwang et al. · 2020 · J Am Coll Nutr · PMID 31860387
  6. Tamakoshi et al. · 2023 · Food Funct · PMID 36807425
  7. PQQ + CoQ10 licence

Related resources

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